Netaji's Secret Service: The History of "M" Organisation, by Saikat Neogy.

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Netaji's Secret Service:

The History of "M" Organisation

by Saikat Neogy.

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One of the valuable parts of this book, apart from various quotes from diverse figures, is the collection of photos throughout the book, of people and of various documents. That alone makes it worth the price.

Mostly, though, if one expects to read about Netaji and his activities, one would be disappointed. This is another author along lines of Jan Kuhlmann, who uses netajis name but writes mostly about others, albeit somewhat connected.

Early in introduction author not only makes clear his leftist extreme inclination but does so with a spewing of venom against those not exactly of his persuasion, and includes in the venom spewed by him, also the spiritual man whom most think of as Netaji transformed in his post incarceration life, having gone through spiritual experiences somewhere between Siberia and travel to India.

His inclusion, slightly later, of cartoons of Stalin, though, along with some words describing his policy regarding Europe, give a lie to the early impression that he's leftist.

" ... Though our government speaks of transparency and liberalism inside the federal structure, they have retained British policy of hiding military top-secrets. Whoever comes to power, turns out too reluctant to declassify the intelligence secrets. On the contrary, the United States has a semi-liberal policy. Their Central Intelligence Agency proudly follows the Freedom of Information Act, though with questionable clauses. We are law abiding citizens. So, how to define fiction? For facts not authorized to state in that way, the only way is to place them in a helter skelter way as fiction and let the readers have their own conclusions. ... "

And so the discourse here is, most of the time, as he describes it, helter-skelter, including thoughts expressed thus.

" ... Following atrocities led by Lenin’s Cheka on the kulaks after the ‘October Revolution’ and Stalin’s ‘Holodomor’ had a hundred times destructive impact on innocent lives than the Nazi Holocaust that are often referred to. These fantasy killings fostered bloodstains in Ukraine, Poland and other Soviet satellite nations and it is sadly true that Hitler had been merely used as cannon fodder to safeguard the Communist crimes."

He quotes castigation by Leela Roy of those who are beginning to see Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose in terms of a great soul, in context of an Indian, specifically Hindu point of view, where she lashes out about their not caring for Netaji’s early thinking along socialism.

In this as in most other contexts, it's the voiceless majority of India who's right, while the leftists walking the tightrope of adherence to a fixed textbook simultaneously along with not going against this or that external power must have it harder to regard a transformation of a young Subhash Chandra Bose educated, travelled abroad and leaning left into a Hindu Sadhu who preferred a lone life of poverty and seclusion, that too on banks of river in a city known mostly for ancient home of Rama.

"How could the pretentious British empire collapse suddenly in this sub-continent? That too, shortly after the great war in which they rejoiced a miraculous victory! This basic thought hammered home and eventually gave me the kick start."

"Subhas Bose was neither a Communist, nor a Nazi. He was a Socialist in true sense who did not hesitate to shake hands with any ideologist if benefitting his benevolent motherland. ... "

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"- “I shall be back in jail very soon, because there are two cases going on against me.”

"[Subhas Bose wrote this to his close political associate, Hari Vishnu Kamath. Dated January 18th, 1941, this letter was one of several post-dated letters mailed from Elgin Road, house to give an impression to the British that he was still at home."

Author finds here an opportunity to criticise Shishir Bose , nephew of Netaji who helped him escape, and in the process makes an exhibition of his very bad taste, immaturity and more, perhaps due to youth.

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Author makes a startling about turn, in midst of giving a list of members of M, Netaji’s Secret organisation accordingto him, copied from OSS files.

"This file was documented in 1944 and released on 21st February 1945. ... "

Here author includes a photograph of the OSS record mentioning Netaji’s wife, Emilie, as (Miss) Emilie Schenkl, and takes opportunity to abuse third who do believe in their having married.

" ... We clearly get a tip off from here that Emilie was marked unmarried even after the war. But the hard-liners are so bent upon their theory that they hardly consider a second thought. Nowadays, this is the hapless reality. Let us not get into a sloppy consensus of this controversy right now. ... "

Netaji’s marriage was kept not only private, but with efforts, secret, except for a letter he wrote to his family and left with her, which she later sent them, but which was intercepted by British government of India; she'd remained a copy, however, which was seen by bise family later.

There were excellent reasons for this secrecy what with racial laws of Germany which applied to Austria after annexation, coupled with Netaji’s intentions of revolutionary struggle which would be compromised if British thought he had a family and used it to torture him.

But whether they had a Hindu ceremony in privacy, or had a discreet priest conduct it privately, or had a registration in aliases that may have been destroyed in bombings, point is, Netaji was committed in writing thus to his family, and his wife never even thought of another marriage after his being reported dead. She could, according to laws of her land and as per her faith, have very well fond so, but never did.

That should be more than enough for any Indian, especially a Hindu, unless one is out to malign Netaji’s name, and uses a UK-US certified lack of official record to publicly cast allegations on the couple; but that, then, would work for every ancestor of such a person casting allegations, since most marriages of India were not officially registered in legal records of UK or US.

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Contents

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Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Prologue/Introduction

1. The War of the Titans

Achtung

Approaching War

German Backfire

2. Great Escape: The Intelligence Story

Sardar Niranjan Singh Talib

“What's in a name?”

3. Netaji’s Secret Society

Shedai, the troublemaker

Kabul Base

Parekhs

4. Mazzotta's adjutants

Far East Bases

Agents Inside India

5. The Patriot Prince and his R. K.

6. 1936

7. Socialist Übermensch

Fighting the Indian Communists

The Doctrine letters

Know the inside enemy

The socialist factor

Political Stunt

8. Anil Roy, the Socialist prophet

Lee, the savior!

9. Socialism, the only way forward!

Hell on Earth!

10. The Home Front

11. Himalayan Radio Broadcast

‘Mary’ Communication Centre

The Code Book

Doctor Lohia, the uncompromising!

12. Bombay Congress Bulletins

13. August Kranti, the clarion call!

14. Sanyasi and his Socialists!

15. Sanyasi's Secret Service man!

Agent's recruitement!

Travelling back In Time

Mission India

A trial in British Bengal

16. Real facts never told

Chetti’s Bungalow

Mazzotta’s arrival

Military Economics

Au-revoir Sandycroft!

The last orders

The W/T Sets

The Power Pack

The Plan of Action

Pabitra, the pioneer!

Allowance and equipment

Departure Day

Journey to India

Adventurous landing

Towards Puri

A Way to Bhubaneswar

Calcutta: the destiny foretold

Haridas, a common name

Off to Bombay

Characteristics of his teammates

17. A glimpse of Burma

Epilogue

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REVIEW

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Preface

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" ... Just before the ‘Files Declassification’, the Prime Minister organized a tea party and invited a few researchers who endorse the Bhagwanji theory along with the Bose family. What happened subsequently, is the triumph of truth in the backdrop of clashes in different theories. The immaculate truth overrides the fallacies.

"Slowly but steadily the name, ‘Bhagwanji’, surfaced in national headlines. The associated political anecdotes asserted the saint’s identity. To bolster their resistance to what seemed to be quite an obvious possibility, all the antagonists joined hands to pay heed to the Russian theory as a befitting counter. “Anything but not the Faizabad angle!”, they waged everything at stake. I never thought there could be anything to fear in the matter of Subhas Chandra Bose. In fact, after the episode of the holy sage of Faizabad, Bhagwanji, started revealing, I thought there was hardly any more thrill left in it. It seemed an open and shut case tail spinning into chaos of different theorists. Bose mystery was awaiting a political catfight to settle the matter. Graciously, the central government gradually declassified the long-kept secret files on Subhas Chandra Bose. But this apparent end was just the beginning."

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April 13, 2022 - April 16, 2022.

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Acknowledgements

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" ... I thank the CIA archive who maintains transparency and publishes long kept classified files for the sake of historical research. ... "

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April 16, 2022 - April 16, 2022.

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Prologue/Introduction

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His inclusion, not yet, but slightly later, of cartoons of Stalin, though, along with some words describing his policy regarding Europe, give a lie to the early impression that he's leftist.

And so the discourse here is, most of the time, as he describes it, helter-skelter, including thoughts expressed thus.

"Subhas Bose was neither a Communist, nor a Nazi. He was a Socialist in true sense who did not hesitate to shake hands with any ideologist if benefitting his benevolent motherland. ... "

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April 16, 2022 - April 16, 2022.

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1. The War of the Titans

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"“Blood, Blood, Blood, that is the price of freedom. You have to shed the enemy’s blood; for that you must be ready to shed your own blood.”

"[October 1944! The victorious Indian National Army launched its Burma campaign against the British expansionism. The supreme leader, Subhas Chandra Bose called for total warfare until the last breath. This message is quoted from his speech celebrating the ‘Azad Day’ on the first anniversary of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind]

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Achtung

"“What great solace can there be than the feeling that one has lived and died for a principle? What higher satisfaction can a man possess than gaining knowledge? The knowledge, that his spirit will beget kindred spirits to carry on his unfinished task.

"What better rewards can a soul desire than the certainty that his message will be wafted over hills and dales and over the board plains to every corner of his land across the seas to distant lands? What higher communication can life attain than peaceful sacrifice at the altar of one's cause? This is the technique of the soul.

"The individuals must die, so that the nation may live.

"Today I must die so that India may live and win freedom and glory.”

"Subhas Bose wrote the above letter to the then Governor of Bengal. While being detained for organizing the Holwell movement, he went on a hunger strike on November 29th, 1940. ... "

"About him, the London touts had once mockingly said - ‘Guruji Bose has attained the serene beatitude! His Samadhi is just a matter of time. Do not worry, we will put a headstone on his grave. Also, we will carefully engrave on it just two words - "Forward Bloc" ' But now, everyone knows it quite well, why he remained so silent! It is now those servitors who would pay the price for their ridiculous ballyhoos."

" ... For long, 'Babu Bose' had built up his own network of spies. Leader’s secret agents slipped into the power center called the Writer’s Building or the terror of Calcutta, Lord Sinha Road, and grabbed secret folders containing confidential information on anybody about whom their boss had a sneaky suspicion. ... "

"What’s ‘M’? That is what this book is all about. ‘Mazzotta’s Organisation’. Though initially, this organisation laid its foundation on the socialist network, they had spread their roots all over Europe-Asia and even to the distant land of Argentina. ‘M’ continued its covert operations even in independent India, fighting against the British agents operative at least until 1950. ... "

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Approaching War

" ... The Nazis initiated a secret campaign for war in the form of propaganda apparatus in India. Hitler’s Party, NSDAP, had their office in Bombay working as the epicenter. There were many Deutsche Clubs throughout the country. The most crucial fact is that the Calcutta office of the nexus regarded Subhas Chandra Bose as the impetus of the entire grandiose design. ... "

Author claims that Netaji's escape had been planned and coordinated by nazis in Calcutta.

" ... Grobba mediated in choking out a thoughtful plan to establish a new government in Palestine under the Grand Mufti. Jews who settled there after WWI, were then called for evacuating the territory. Grand Mufti’s aim was the formation of a Greater Arabia and he designed to include Iraq, Transjordan, Palestine, Lebanon and Syria in it. It was 1940, the Nazi Swastika was still ablaze over the globe. A resolution was passed in Mufti’s ‘Pan-Arab Committee’ meeting in Baghdad, that during the war no Arabian country would engage in activity detrimental to Axis interests. Mufti’s image had been dropped when his political opponent, Rashid Ali Ghailani accused him of being in the pay of the Italians. Germans sought Mufti’s cooperation of his secret organization “El Umm Al Arabiya''."

" ... In April 1941, when the British asked for ‘free entry’ of their troops into Iraq, Ghailani refused and built-up armed resistance against the British troops. After a month of battling, British troops subdued the resistance and Ghailani fled to Iran. In July 1941, he reached Istanbul and met the GIS chief, Capt. Leverkuehn. On 30th September he left for Germany posing as a Lufthansa representative from Tehran."

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German Backfire

" ... Hitler had already made up his mind not to tolerate his ideological antagonists any further. He was enormous, invincible and guided by extraterrestrial forces that would lead him to nothing but victory, he thought."

"By the end of September 1942, the great Grand Mufti proposed all kinds of assistance to Axis military operations. Egypt was chosen as the operational base of all anti-British propaganda and intelligence activities. New codebooks were set up along with communication channels collaborating with Mufti’s clandestine groups. Arms and ammunition were supplied from the Egyptian HQ to Syria, Iraq, Palestine ... "

" ... Iran had been the bird’s eye for German Intelligence Service who were targeting it as an entry point to the Soviet territories, Iraq and of course Northern India. Many of their Army Commanders had received training in espionage and counterespionage in Germany."

" ... German Foreign Office was preparing for a Pan-Turkoman movement. Earlier, ‘a tacit agreement with the Turkish government on intelligence was reached which allowed German Intelligence to operate freely against the Allies, particularly the USSR’. ... "

Author attributes a good deal of responsibility of events in course of Netaji’s actions elsewhere.

" ... “If somehow Germans could connect with the Indian revolutionaries! If something favorable happens in India, it will be a twist of fortune.” Hitler was pretty sure of it. He studied well, why Napoleon failed! He had a very recent example of how Communist International formation bet on one man, ‘Ricardo’, popularly known as Manabendra Nath Roy, to cut through British lines of North West Frontier Province of India and plant a proletarian revolution. ‘Ricardo’ lost it due to the shortcomings of his intelligence service. Lenin’s coup d'état ended up in a disastrous military debacle. But for Hitler, he looked for someone extremely capable of running the show. Someone whom the society knows to be honest and truthful, a ‘Messiah’ who could go any far to liberate his motherland. Under his commands, Hitler could rely on. Initially, he hesitantly thought of the old Indian Communist, Mohammad Iqbal Shedai who operated from Rome. But the situation changed as Mazzotta staked his life and stepped in. Only under his influence, Hitler dropped his tyrannical plans for conquering Asia. ... "

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April 16, 2022 - April 16, 2022.

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2. Great Escape: The Intelligence Story

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"- “I shall be back in jail very soon, because there are two cases going on against me.”

" ... Putting aside all those exaggerations, the most trusted account of Bhagatram Talwar should be viewed as truthful. ... "

According to another author on the subject, though, Talwar became a double agent when caught by British, and was eventually responsible for much of downfall of Netaji's plans.

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Sardar Niranjan Singh Talib

"“I have always said that the darkest hour precedes the dawn. We are now passing through the darkest hour; therefore, the dawn is not far off!”

"[On the eve of April 24th, 1945, Subhas Chandra Bose left this message for the warriors of Rangoon.]"

Author informs us about the Sikh in Calcutta who was part of Bose’s network.

"1933: He corresponded with the extremist Akalis and revolutionaries from his residence at Chakraberia Road, Bhawanipur.

"1936: He was in communication with Punjabi revolutionaries, especially Master Tara Singh’s team."

"1939: In the month of January, the Intelligence Bureau confiscated parcels containing ‘Kirti Lehar’, a magazine published by the rejuvenate militant nationalists of the Ghadar freedom fighters. As a member of Hindu-Sikh association, Talib vehemently protested the high handedness of the police in his daily ‘Desh Darpan’. He turned out to be a staunch supporter of Subhas Bose and attended Sarat Bose’s camp to form the ‘Radical Congress Party’."

"‘The Bengal Pact’, Chittaranjan Das’s tactical move to deal with the British sponsored communal tension in Bengal, was literally on the verge of total collapse in 1940 as Jinnah’s Muslim League and Congress confronted with each other on the communal affairs. Subhas Bose was strategically cornered by the stooges inside the Congress Party, but his popularity constantly arose to new heights. Under such circumstances, Subhas took a sharp turn towards a historical movement and vanquished the offenders. The revolution regarding abandonment of ‘Holwell monument’ marked the victory of communal harmony just before the darkest hours of partition struck hard on Indian soil."

" ... Sajal Basu revealed some interesting facts in his well-documented biography of the veteran socialist leader, Shibnath Banerjee. In the Leninist era, the famous Trade Union leader Shibnath Banerjee set out for Moscow through the routes of Afghanistan. Travelling through the coniferous and subtropical forests, wetlands, he crossed the frozen mountaintops of ‘abode of snow’, the Himalayas and succeeded in reaching the most crucial revolutionary base of the Indian revolutionaries in Russia, the city of Tashkent. In his college days, Shibnath was the classmate of Subhas’s soul mate, Dilip Kumar Roy. In 1937, he was an elected representative in the Provincial Assembly of Bengal. By that time, he closely worked with Netaji’s elder brother, Sarat Chandra Bose and had an affectionate relationship with the members of the Bose family. He worked as a close adjutant to Subhas Chandra as the latter devoted himself to secure the labor rights throughout India. Shibnath was also well acquainted with Jai Prakash Narain and the relation spanned all throughout his life. Subhas Chandra Bose knew about Banerjee’s adventurous journey to Tashkent quite well. On December 10th, 1940, Subhas got released from prison and was put under house arrest. A few days back, Shibnath was also released from 4th Barrack jail, Barrackpore. Immediately, Subhas Bose called him and had a secret close door meeting at Netaji Bhawan inquiring about the routes through Khyber Pass and Kabul. ... "

Author abuses Shishir Bose again.

"Going by the facts, we can now understand that the so-called intellectual snobs and highbrows of the reputed research organizations do not really know about all who were involved in the secret planning phase of ‘Mahaniskromon’. Sadly, Sisir Bose’s minimal contribution was so much exaggerated that it compromised the lesser-known real facts."

If not much is known about the rest, it's hardly fault of the one person whose role was known and indisputable, and moreover, couldn't be hidden, unlike others who needed and chose to remain unknown, with good reason.

"[Note: All through the intelligence agency notes, ‘Dijen’ refers to Dwijendranath Bose, the nephew of Subhas Bose who was arrested after Netaji’s escape and kept interned in the Lahore Fort along with Jai Prakash Narain and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia. All their arrests were for the obvious reason of collaborating with Dwijen's own ‘Ranga Kakababu’, Subhas Bose.]"

" ... Dwijen informed Talib that Sarat Bose succeeded to plant an agent, a Bengali clerk in the Japanese Consul, Calcutta and set up the communication channel with his brother, Subhas in Berlin. To know the Police secrets, Sarat Bose ‘was in touch with a Bengali officer in the Special Branch of the Calcutta Police’ for the purpose. Shardul Singh Kavisher read out the clear directives from Subhas that ‘a compromise should be affected between’ Baba Gurdit Singh’s Party and the Akalis. ‘All the Sikh organizations should be united for the noble cause against the British!’ - this remained his last message for the Sikhs. Kavisher shared the draft of the upheaval."

"“Letter from Lord Wavell, the Viceroy, to Auchinleck, reporting that Baldev Singh, Member for Defense in the Interim Government, has informed him that a resolution is likely to be moved in the Assembly, early in February, demanding the release of the INA men still in prison, a resolution supported by both Congress and the Muslim League; that further demands were likely to be made for the restoration of payment to the INA men, and also for their reinstatement in the Army; and that the INA would put forward these demands at a meeting held by Subhas Chandra Bose [sic] on 23 January.”"

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“What's in a name?”

" ... the ‘M’ Organisation had sprouted several branches but through the constant changes in its operations with an eternal objective to protect India from colonial rule, it secretly operated till the 1960s. ... "

Author refers to Ayodhya, consistently, only as Faizabad. He fails to realize that a Hindu spiritual person wouldn't be there if it was only Faizabad, but was there by choice due to its being Ayodhya.

"The Godman of Faizabad shared horrific details of inscrutable sufferings, political affairs. Mahakal had lots of untold stories, unwritten valiant episodes of wars, facts on covert operations. Stark facts that many might have found incredible to believe then, were later established as facts revealed by authentic information gradually over time. I believe what Bhagwanji foresaw was irrefutable truth and what he possessed was invincible spiritual power. ... "

"History reveals that in 1938, the renowned Scientist Meghnad Saha had several discussions with the then President of Indian National Congress, Subhas Bose requesting to boldly take up necessary measures for nuclear scientific projects. While the moderate leaders of the party, Bose clearly opined that such developments should be free from government control and under the supervision of an autonomous body. He said, “so far as technical research is concerned, we shall all agree that it should be free from governmental control of every kind. It is only in this unfortunate country that government servants are entrusted with scientific research on receipt of princely salaries and we know very well what results have been obtained therefrom.”"

" ... Azad Hind Government had undertaken nuclear projects for the welfare of the country yet to be freed and recruited physicists, chemists and scientists. An officer in IIL Intelligence Department, Chandran, who had earlier served under Bose’s Free India Government, worked on the matter. Reportedly, Chandran held knowledge in nuclear physics and kept track of all IIL developments about the project. He had also been privileged to work in ‘Uranprojekt’, Hitler’s dream project on ‘miracle weapons’."

" ... A high-ranking source of the Soviet Military Intelligence Service (GRU) reported that the Germans had carried out two bomb tests in Thuringia: a first in November 1944, a second in March 1945. Up to 600 meters from the explosion center - so it said in the report - all trees have been felled. The detonation of the spherical bombs with a diameter of almost one and a half meters killed all the prisoners of war in the vicinity and left not the slightest trace of their bodies. This is due to the strong radioactive effect that was registered in the explosion, which took place as a nuclear reaction."

But fact is, the German scientists, when informed by Allied captors of Japan surrender and why, were frankly disbelieving, attributing the information as propaganda by Allies to dishearten Germans, because they firmly believed that nuclear weapons were impossible, and also that if German scientists couldn't do it, it was out of question that lesser races such as those working together in US and UK could!

"While working in his assignments, the IIL intelligence officer Chandran was in close touch with Reichsmarschall Hermann Goering. After the war, he became a Captain Lieutenant at Soviet’s NKVD Head Quarter. Thereafter, he passed on lots of sensitive, confidential nuclear information about the ‘Uranverein’ (Uranium Club) and shared files on Azad Hind experiments to a German scientist Max Vomell who was then in charge of Soviet scientific projects. The grandeur plan had been to bomb the United States. Later, the power center shifted to Russia with the changing circumstances as the cold war broke out. If Bhagwanji aka Subhas Bose had been allowed access to that level in Russia, he could have surely not been ill-treated as being depicted by many stalwart researchers."

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April 16, 2022 - April 17, 2022.

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3. Netaji’s Secret Society

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"“It is the basic principle for the establishment of world peace that every nation of the world should each have its proper place and enjoy prosperity in common through mutual aid and assistance.” - Subhas Chandra Bose

"[Netaji’s speech at the historic conference of Greater East Asia Nations on November 6th, 1943]"

" ... Bose realized that enough had happened in backroom talks and ideological tussles. He did not stop by just mouthing phrases. Knowing full well about the differences among the political parties inside India, he had rather chosen to gear up a secret organisation about which the Office of Strategic Service coined the term, Mazzotta Organisation. ... "

" ... Without ‘M’, not just India but also the countries like Burma, Ceylon, Malay and other British colonies would have been doomed to slavery under the British yoke for an indefinite period."

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Shedai, the troublemaker

" ... Unlike most of the Gandhian Congressmen who delivered speeches to espouse revolution while themselves practicing conservative nationalism, Bose had a free mind and an unbiased patriotism. ... "

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Kabul Base

"While in Bengal, Bose brothers ‘strongly advocated the formation of a Congress coalition Ministry in Bengal to offset the then reactionary Ministry which was dominated by the Muslim League.’ The ‘Sher-e-Bangla’, Fazlul Huq’s ‘Krishak Praja Party’ was the only force whose members unanimously protested communal preaching and precisely, the tumultuous forces of the Muslim League. Back then, Mr. Huq had wholeheartedly supported Subhas Bose and his fellowmen.

"Since 1937, Bose brothers' appeal to fight the schismatically communal force by forming a Congress-KPP coalition, was instantly turned down by the A.I.C.C., more specifically by Jawaharlal Nehru who remained adamant to solely lead the front. Panditji left no other way for Mr. Huq than to befriend his all-time antagonists, the Muslim League to form the government. Consequently, Fazlul Huq, the then prime minister of Bengal, was subtly misguided by Mohammed Ali Jinnah and forced to draft a proclamation for a separate ‘Muslim Homeland’. An overture of peace, as Mr. Huq thought it to be of a non-communal proposal, was tactfully turned to a horrid carnage, the ‘Lahore resolution’ in 1940. Soon, Fazlul Huq turned to be a mere spectator of the forthcoming consequences. Simultaneously, he was forced to be a collaborator of the partition design and gradually being pulled into the nuisance."

" ... Subhas Chandra Bose stood against such religious stratifications of the political system. So did his well-wishers like Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, his brother Dr. Khan Sahib, Haji Sahib and many more in the North West region of India. While battling in the eastern front, Bose kept watchful eyes on the NWFP region and the surmounting statecraft in that region. In 1945, Dr. Khan Sahib was back in power there. Expecting a quick makeover, Bose congratulated him for his success against the communal forces of Muslim League. He had also expected Gandhiji to extend support. But by then, the political sage was fast losing his command in the political arena of Congress politics."

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Parekhs

"The seventh tranche of Bose’s personal letters in ‘Subhas Samagra Rachanabali’ published by Ananda Publishers, confirmed our long-held suspicion that Kantilal Parekh might have been working underhand for the untiring warrior. Back in 1933, an early correspondence revealed Bose's urgency for money to fulfill his plan to establish Indian Independence League in Europe."

"Kantilal Parekh had been very close to Vithalbhai Patel who offered his lifelong earnings to his most trusted confidant, Subhas Chandra Bose to be spent for the noble cause of freedom. Kantilal’s relative Nathlal Parekh and his partner Bhogilal M. Jhaveri had a steady business of diamonds in Belgium. Parekh's family had closely observed Subhas’s remarkable alacrity and certain other qualities in virtue of which they had become his staunch admirers. For the first time, Nathlal met Subhas at the bedside of the dying patriot, Vithalbhai Patel and thereafter, they had a strong bonding. In his book, Nathlal wrote about Subhas with sparkling verve.

"“In spite of critical health conditions, Subhas had a celestial glow in his face. His eyes were of a fearless and selfless recluse. The more I knew him, the greater I felt his affection for the motherland.”"

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April 17, 2022 - April 17, 2022.

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4. Mazzotta's adjutants

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"“Mahatma Gandhi has rendered and will continue to render phenomenal service to his country. But India’s salvation will not be achieved under his leadership.”

"In his political autobiography, ‘The Indian Struggle’, Subhas Chandra Bose had rightly put up an indispensable foresight of the near future. ... "

"Netaji’s true political secretary, Amiya Nath Bose declared, “Subhas Bose firmly believed that non-violent mass movement must ultimately mature into an armed revolutionary struggle, if India has to overthrow the British Government.”"

" ... For such a man who studied the routes of Tibet, Afghanistan and Burma since 1924, it would not be too difficult to slip through the borders of Nepal to Uttar Pradesh in independent India in disguise of an anonymous saint. There it gives an insight into the strong possibility of the saga of Bhagwanji. ... On 9th December 1932, two judges of the Calcutta high Court, K.C. Nag and A.L. Blank jointly submitted a report about Sarat Bose to the Government of India. It says -

"“We therefore record our opinion that his (Sarat Bose) remaining at large was a danger to the security of the British Dominions from internal commotion. We feel constrained to add that although his activities were less spectacular than those of his younger brother Subhas, they were more subtly insidious and therefore perhaps no less dangerous.”"

" ... One of the representatives of Comintern, who met Subhas Bose in Switzerland in 1933, was Clemens Dutt.”"

"In July and August 1942, the British arrested all leading Congress Party members and all known ‘Forward Bloc’ and ‘M’ Organisation leaders ... Several ‘M’ members were grilled and thus, they went on revealing information which compromised with severe damage to the organisation.”"

"Both Dr. Lohia and Subhas Bose were that kind of revolutionaries who cared for the nation beyond the voracity to attain power."

" ... Soviet Intelligence installed their men not only in ‘Congress’ or ‘Forward Bloc’ but also in radical extremist groups, parties to secretly carry-on plagiarism on the German built anti-British network. Subsequently, Bhai Premanand, a convinced Communist became the secretary of Hindu Mahasabha. Mausamdar Dutta also had a similar profile. Moreover, he was a member of “M” Organisation and ‘Indian National Revolutionary Committee’ in Calcutta in 1943. Thereby, his enrolment as a Soviet spy largely affected the ‘M’ Organisation."

" ... Bhagatram had always remained a staunch ‘Mazzotta man’. Furthermore, GIS made few other hasty moves to tackle the worsening situation. Anyway, the later communications proved that the Germans had realized their mistakes and continued their assistance to the purposefully turned double-agent, ‘Rahmat Khan’."

" ... Before 1941, Italian Intelligence provided financial support to tribes of Waziristan, headed by Haji-Mirza-Khan, the Fakir of Ipi, also known as ‘Rahmat Ullah Aleihi’ and ‘Haji Sahib’. He was a mysterious short-height, slim and strictly apolitical person who announced his ‘Jehad’ from the village named Ipi, located near Mirali Camp in North Waziristan Agency against the British. Almost of the same age as our ‘Mazzotta’ aka Subhas Bose, this physically weak man had caused the greatest fiasco to British expansionism.

"Fakir Sahib spent most of his life in caves, performed religious prayers and triggered revolutions against formerly, the British and later, the newly born nation of Pakistan after 1947. In just three years, the British government sent 40,000 soldiers, spent one and half million euros and continued air bombings to slaughter this tribal zealot. But they could not succeed against his army and their ally, the ‘Red Shirts’. In 1948, General Ayub Khan faced Fakir’s army as a furious enemy. After the British empire collapsed and Pakistan, a country on Islamic fundamentalism emerged, the patriot and his force marshalled against the Islamic fanatics. ‘Islam abhi bhi Khatre mein hai! Pura Mulk khatre mein hai!’. His war cry against Pakistan gets imitated by the tribes of Waziristan, Baluchistan and the surroundings. The tribes who patronize ‘Haji Sahib’, possess a political threat to Pakistan’s existence. In their struggle, they anticipate wholehearted support from India, even today. And they are full of hope!"

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Far East Bases

Author describes diverse groups of expat Indians united under leadership Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, with Rashbehari Bose as deputy leader.

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Agents Inside India

"“…the first morning of creation wrote.

"What the last dawn of reckoning shall read….”

"Bhagwanji’s words indicate the flames of a revolution lasts forever but of course in different controversial phases constantly mutating itself and mitigating the losses over the time.

"OSS tracked down all possible contacts of German Intelligence Service who operated from India. Most of them were from Bose’s inner circle and a subset of them were identified as “M” agents."

Author gives names and short descriptions.

Is it possible that author takes OSS as correct, but OSS might not have been so?

This list includes

"Bapat

"A prominent member of “M” Organisation and of ‘Central Committee’ (Forward Bloc) in 1942. The next year, he was also a Bombay member of the ‘Indian National Revolutionary Committee’ and maintained close contact with Ram Manohar Lohia."

Would this be Senapati Bapat?

The list, of course, includes three members of Bose family, Sharat Chandra Bose, his son Shishir Bose, and Subhash Chandra Bose who's subtitled (Orlando Mazzotta), it's unclear whether by OSS or only by the author. But author here takes opportunity and gives a short biography of Subhash Chandra Bose, beginning with his Cambridge student years upto his escape from India, via Kabul, to Germany, and subsequent journey to Tokyo via a German submarine and transfer to a Japanese one in mid-ocean near Madagascar, around South coast of Africa.

Further, there are

"“Ganpuley”

"An assistant of Subhas Chandra Bose in Germany in 1943. Bose suggested Ganpuley to go to Rome as a representative of ‘Free India Central Office’."

And

"“Goswami”

"A member of Bengal government in 1943. He was accused by the GIS agent Rahmat Khan for being a traitor in the ‘Forward Bloc’."

Would that be an ancestor of Arnab Goswami?

"“Kemath”, “Kamat”, “Kamt” (probably Hari Vishnu Kamath)

"He was a member of the ‘Central Committee’ of ‘Forward Bloc’ who was first arrested in September 1941. He was freed but rearrested in August 1942."

"Ram Manohar Lohia

"A prominent leader of ‘M’ Organisation, a member of ‘Central Committee’ of secret Forward Bloc and Secretary General of ‘Indian National Revolutionary Committee’ in 1943. He was reportedly arrested in June 1943."

"Brijlal Nehru

"A brother of Indian leader Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. He was a former postmaster in Lahore and reportedly showed interest in Nazi ideology during his travel to Europe in 1938."

Author means cousin, of course, when he says brother.

Funny, this name isn't mentioned by anyone, not even when left and others accuse RSS of nazi ideology.

"“Paranjpe”

"An Indian student in the University of Munich in 1940."

Any relation of the renowned Paranjape family with a Wrangler or two from Cambridge, father and son, and later a writer-director Sai?

"Vaishnava Patnaik

"A leader and organizer of the unrests in Bihar and Orissa in the summer of 1942."

Any relation of Biju Patnaik? His father?

The list includes several by last name Roy, including Leela Roy, all students or academics in Germany at the time.

"Sarat Bakshi

"He was a member of the ‘Central Committee’ and head of the “M” Organisation in Bengal in 1941."

The name, Bakhshi or Bakshi, seems, surprisingly, not limited to Punjab but also having existed in Bengal and Maharashtra, and not as migrants from Punjab.

"Indulal Yagnik

:A prominent member of the “M” Organisation, of the ‘Forward Bloc’ and of the ‘Kirti Kisan movement’. He became the chief of the ‘Administrative department’ of “M” Organisation in September 1943."

Any relation of Alaka Yagnik?

................................................................................................

Author here makes a startling about turn.

"This file was documented in 1944 and released on 21st February 1945. ... "

Here author includes a photograph of the OSS record mentioning Netaji’s wife, Emilie, as (Miss) Emilie Schenkl, and takes opportunity to abuse third who do believe in their having married.

That should be more than enough for any Indian, especially a Hindu, unless one is out to malign Netaji’s name, and uses a UK-US certified lack of official record to publicly cast allegations on the vouple; but that, then, would work for every ancestor of such a person casting allegations, since most marriages of India were not officially registered in legal records of UK or US.

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April 17, 2022 - April 17, 2022.

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5. The Patriot Prince and his R. K.

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" ... Orlando Mazzotta, an alias of Subhas Bose and his partisan Rahmat Khan, an alias of Bhagatram Talwar. ... "

" ... Bhagat Ram had never told us about the time of this important note that Subhas Bose had sent along with those questions for further clarification. By then, he was in close touch with the British. Despite all that had transpired, the Germans had faith in him and so did Bose. What emerges out of this situation, is that Mr. Talwar was a planted mole in the British camp by Mazzotta himself. This is where most of the researchers had misapprehended him a traitor."

Author gives what seems a note from Netaji, until it refers to him in third person.

" ... Please emphasize that I would not cooperate with Japanese, if I had no completed confidence in their pledges. They have proved by deeds that they are determined to maintain their promises. Always keep in mind that we cannot break British power in India alone. The alternatives before us are either cooperation with the Axis powers or else a continuation of slavery. Moreover, the British after the war would establish Pakistan which would mean the end of Indian nationalist conception. Please visit Mahatma Gandhi, offer him greetings and assure him that I am striving only for the Independence of India and will never undertake anything contrary to the honour and interests of the country. The effects achieved by you to influence the British Indian army by propaganda are not satisfactory. My own struggle would be facilitated by stronger support inside India. The knowledge of the enemy derived on the Burma front, has strengthened my confidence in certain final victory. In the Indian Air-Force, there are several anti-British officers. Please try to influence them and get them to cover over to us by plane. Squadron Leader Niranjan Parshad [one group] Coxs Bazar at Chittagong and several officers of the Indian army known as anti-British. Furthermore, Commander Mukherjee [Reportedly Subroto Mukherjee] and Squadron leader Awan, probably at Peshawar and Squadron leader Janjua [Read Mohammed Khan Janjua] at Kohat. Please try to establish contact.”

Here suddenly Netaji’s mention turns to third person.

" ... By hook or crook, Mazzotta swore to turn down the creation of a Muslim homeland, Pakistan. The names of officers in British Indian Army mentioned in the message, were the committed agents of Subhas Bose.

"Subhas Bose’s specific questions were as follows:

"(1) Was Gandhi released purely on political grounds or also for political reasons? [He wanted to ensure that Gandhiji was not an abettor of the partition.]

"(2) Did the Indian public gather the impression that the release was influenced by the military events in Manipur?"

And here on, it turns back to first person.

"(19) What do you know about Sarat Bose and my nephew, who were arrested in Punjab?"

"(23) In December 1943, I sent four parties [Troops] to India, one of them to Puri. There must be agents of mine who can be found in the Punjab, U.P. and Bengal. Please state whether any contact has been established [or not].

"(24) What was the cause of the Bombay port explosion? What was the reaction of the Indian public thereto?

"(25) ... The password was not given to all agents in India, as betrayal was feared in case the Police resorted to torture. Agents examination of whom demonstrates without doubt that they have been sent by me [even though they are without the password], escape. In the next few months, I will send agents to Bengal, specially to Sylhet, Shillong, Comilla, Agartala and Dacca.

"(26) ... The agent sent to Calcutta to my nephew is reliable. Please assist him with all means, specially to establish W/T contact with me. The agent sent to Bombay to Kantilal is likewise reliable, as are also the agents dispatched with him, who are now probably distributed in various places.

"(27) Tara Singh’s report to you was false. Nevertheless, he is a good man although unintelligent.

"(28) The spinning-wheel is to be retained on the national flag used throughout East Asia. No alternation is envisaged now.”"

This last point seems contradictory, since the Indian flag used in Germany in presence of Netaji, as per more than one source, had a springing tiger replace the spinning wheel, as representative of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.

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April 17, 2022 - April 17, 2022.

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6. 1936

................................................................................................

Author begins by arrival of Subhash Chandra Bose from his sojourn in Europe and crowds gathered at docks in Mumbai welcoming him, garlands thrown from shore given him by thise who caught them, and British arresting him straightaway.

" ... he was brought to a separate yard (Cell Block Number 4) at Yerwada Jail, Poona on 13 th April and later shifted to his brother’s residence at Giddapahar, Kurseong on 20th May. A first class twelve-wheeler tourist car was brought and attached to Nagpur mail at Kalyan railway station in Thane from where Bose had onboarded with the police escort in his own grandeur style. The train had special stops at below locations:

"Poona - Kalyan (Bose onboarded) - Naini - Allahabad - Banaras Cantonment Chapra - Katihar - Parbatipur - Siliguri

"After reaching India, Subhas shot a secret correspondence with Ram Manohar Lohia, the then Editor of Congress Foreign News Bulletin and Jawaharlal Nehru. The committee of United Province Liberal Association vehemently protested the Government’s decision of Subhas Bose’s decision. The revolutionaries of U.P. openly challenged the British Government to either set him free or dare to put him before a judicial tribunal."

" ... Ram Manohar Lohia wrote two letters to Subhas Bose on the 15th of July and 1st of August 1936 to discuss the plans of the freedom movement in an encrypted pattern. Both the letters were with-held due to censorship by the Superintendent of Police, Darjeeling."

"The political lineage of both the irrepressible revolutionaries ‘have had the honor of their Intelligence Bureau (IB) files being updated well into the 1950s and 1960s’. The very pertinent question that arises looking into such an unethical move by the Intelligence Department of our free India, is the purpose behind it.

"Had it been Ram Manohar Lohia, being in close touch with Subhas Chandra Bose till 1960s? We must keep in mind that Bhagwanji, the holy sage alleged to be Subhas Chandra Bose himself, lived in Uttar Pradesh for three decades. Ram Manohar Lohia’s followers though belonging in the whole of the country, were predominantly from his home state, Uttar Pradesh."

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April 17, 2022 - April 17, 2022.

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7. Socialist Übermensch

................................................................................................

"Jai Prakash Narain had been brought to this camp. But this turned out to be a boomerang to the British administration. The reason behind it was that the Deoli camp had gradually been transformed into a secret recruitment and strategy building center for “M” and Forward Bloc members. The prominent revolutionary, Sudhindranath Sanyal, was also imprisoned there."

"Jai Prakash Narain had been the core of Subhas Bose’s inner circle. Narain was one of the chosen few whom the leader met at Elgin Road, just before his momentous great escape. ... CSR partymen adapted some unique techniques of concealing sensitive materials in bindings of ordinary books and other common things to evade censorship. Mr. Narain was a mastermind in it and so was his political boss, “M”."

" ... Court needed sufficient evidence for securing a conviction for abetment of a criminal conspiracy and Mr. Bailey, the Intelligence Bureau officer, seriously lacked in gathering so. What finally the Government agreed to after extensive communications was done, was to publish Jai Prakash’s letters to expose the names that were mentioned. But its reaction was disastrous for them. Newspapers like ‘The Hindu’, ‘The Tribune’, ‘The Hindustan Times’ and many more took a hand on the Government. ... "

"Amongst all belongings of Narain while in Deoli jail, the one of the least importance was an ordinary wristwatch. Throughout his life, he kept that watch close to himself. What purpose had it served? Only him and his boss (“M”) knew it."

................................................................................................

Jai Prakash, the Socialist pioneer

"The British Communist Party organised a conference in London. On June 10th, 1933, Subhas Bose’s speech was read the Communist member Shapurji Saklatvala, where he clearly mentioned, “We should remind all over-enthusiastic followers of Karl Marx that communism, as established in Russia, is something different from what Karl Marx and the German Socialists taught. If the Russians were to follow Karl Marx, Russia would not be what she is today, because, according to the great German thinker, capitalism and industrialisation must precede socialism.”"

"Not just in London, Subhas cleared his thoughts in course of his presidential address at the All-India trade Union Congress held in Calcutta on July 4th, 1931.

"“There is on the one hand, the Right Wing who stand for a reformist program and everything else. On the other side, there are our Communist friends, who, if I have understood them right, are adherents and followers of Moscow. Whether we agree with the views of either group or not, we cannot fail to understand them. Between these two groups is another group which stands for socialism - for full-blooded socialism - but which desires that India should evolve her own form of socialism as well as her own methods. To this group, I humbly claim to belong.”

" ... Through media exposure, J. P. gained tremendous popularity and mass sympathy. In turn, the government had let J.P.’s message of his underground activities circulated to his close associates."

Reminds one of trial of Bhagat Singh and his team, as shown in a recent film, where the team challenged a witness turned by prosecution into revealing the recipe of bomb making by repeatedly claiming he's lying and he never knew it, so couldn't have taught them. Next day it'd be known via newspapers to every reader, as media fled court promptly after noting it down.

" ... Though on the other side of the fence, the Socialist Jai Prakash Narain’s words remind us of Ernst Thalmann, the German Communist leader and how he failed miserably while trying to establish a left ‘United Front’. According to J. P. ‘s assessment, it’s crystal clear that the Indian communists were typically of the same nature. ... Bimla Prasad briefed about J.P.’s conviction that “...the Communists in India were following the wrong path by keeping themselves out of the nationalist struggle…..Largely at J.P.’s instance, and against the wishes of some of his leading colleagues, the doors of the Congress Socialist Party were opened to the communists and some of them were given important positions in the organisation. But the Communists did not share J.P.’s dream; they were only using it to infiltrate into the Congress Socialist Party with the ultimate objective of destroying it.” ... "

"Incidentally, Comrade Stalin also did not have high feelings about the C.P.I. Indian Communists were mostly British puppets and preferred objecting against the American imperialism as referring to some sort of class struggle but would not spare a word on the freedom struggle, Stalin significantly pointed out its erroneous stand to the C.P.I. delegation who met him in 1951 -

"“...the united national front is against England, for national independence from England, and not from America. It is your national specificity. India was semi-liberated from whom? From England, and not from America, India is in the concord of nations not with America but with England. The officers and the specialists in your army are not Americans but Englishmen. These are historical facts, and it is impossible to abstract from them. I wish to say that the party must not load itself with all the tasks, the tasks of the struggle with imperialism throughout the world. It is necessary to take up one task: to free oneself from English imperialism. It is the national task of India.”"

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Fighting the Indian Communists

"“Communist strategy is in its very nature such that it can bring strength to a people only if it succeeds and must necessarily help weaken them, if it does not capture power…...To Communism, no idea matters, no single principle except the total concept of worker’s rule. Such a concept must necessarily weaken a nation except in certain select situations. It has been continually weakening the Indian nation.”

"[‘Guilty Men of India’s Partition’, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, Page 10-11]"

" ... Benjamin Francis Bradley, the union leader from Great Britain challenged the future of British Imperialism. He arrived in India to promote militant trade unionism. Reading through Lala Lajpat Rai’s book ‘England’s debt to India’, he readily acknowledged the facts of economic drain that his country had been intentionally doing. Bradley and his friends supported the revolutionaries, and this brought mixed reactions from the freedom fighters. ... "

“The British Empire subjecting a quarter of the world’s area and a quarter of the world’s population to its dominion, extorts an annual sum of about two hundred and twenty million pounds from its victims...England a vast park or pleasure ground for the amusement of those few who live by extortion of the workers in the dependencies.” No doubt, these words caught immediate applause in India. After Lalaji’s death, Bradley got involved in the Meerut Conspiracy case and was sentenced in trial. This provoked mass protests in Britain and inspired more left-leaning activists to try luck in colonial countries."

" ... Before the war, the Executive Committee members of Indian Communist Party had been active in Congress and concurrently carried out Bradley’s instructions. Amongst those Bradley folks, the most noteworthy was Sahibzada Mahmud Zafar of Rampur who worked as Nehru’s secretary during his presidency of Congress."

" ... Uttam Chand Malhotra, the man who sheltered Bose, was in a way different. He was truly a man of words. Although, there is a suspicion. While in solitary confinement at Rawalpindi jail in 1943, Mr. Malhotra had reportedly penned down ‘the story of the forty-three days of his life’s greatest experience and what he had heard from Bose’s own lips of the circumstances and motive of his romantic escape.’ ... "

" ... Bose group of socialists like Acharya Narendra Dev, Jai Prakash Narain, Ram Manohar Lohia, Ashok Mehta, Leela Roy separated themselves and formed a new party - ‘Praja Socialist Party’."

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The Doctrine letters

"“Socialist propaganda is necessary to prepare the country for Socialism when Political freedom has been won. And that propaganda can be conducted only by a party like the Congress Socialist Party which stands for and believes in Socialism.”

"[Subhas Chandra Bose’s speech in Haripura Congress, 1939]"

" ... J.P. had supported the very ideas of the Communist International which was predominantly a Trotskyite Socialist platform. At the same time, he detested the Communist Party of India who had their sole solidarity to the British Communists. Thus, Jai Prakash’s support towards the Socialist pattern of Soviet, ideologically remained unaffected for the time being. Although Jai Prakash was inclined towards Russia, his steady disproving mindset on the Indian Communists never changed."

" ... founder of ‘Lal Kurta Fauj’, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Saheb of North West Frontier Province. The Frontier Gandhi remained a close aide of Subhas Bose throughout his life."

"After Bhagat Ram Talwar, Shardul Singh Caveeswar played a pivotal role in Subhas Bose’s escape. Also, he was the man who suggested the party name, ‘Forward Bloc’ instead of ‘Left Bloc’ that could have otherwise been considered as a pro-Communist organisation. Keeping a close touch with such a man, kept J. P. much closer to Bose, anytime and anywhere.

"When J. P. was there in Deoli camp, Sardar Kulbir Singh (brother of Sardar Bhagat Singh) was also imprisoned there. According to Narain, Kulbir Singh was pro-socialist ‘in reality’ and not likely a Communist in any sense. He was suffering from acute gastritis with hemorrhage and was admitted in the camp hospital. Narain asked for the pressing need to publish news on his health conditions, especially in Punjab. The Communists who glorify Bhagat Singh today as their fellowman, must know that in those days Sardar Kulbir Singh’s imprisonment had hardly worried the big shots in the Communist Party of India."

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Know the inside enemy

" ... Dr. Lohia had a larger goal to fulfill. In the way, he had personally never stood against Subhas Bose. Being a major stakeholder of the ‘M’ Organisation, he had to publicly cut off his ties with his Mazzotta. ... Masani knew absolutely nothing about it."

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The socialist factor

"About India’s future, there had been a tussle going on for a long time between Jawaharlal Nehru and his ‘friend’, Subhas Chandra Bose. On December 18th of 1933, looking into the international situation, Panditji said, “I do believe that fundamentally the choice before the world today is one between some form of communism and some form of fascism, and I am all for the former, that is Communism.” To this, Subhas objected - “The view...is...fundamentally wrong. Unless we are at the end of the process of evolution or unless we deny evolution altogether, there is no reason to hold that our choice is restricted to two alternatives...Considering everything, one is inclined to hold that the next phase in world history will produce a synthesis between Communism and Fascism. And will it be a surprise if that synthesis is produced in India?”"

" ... Few of Nehru’s such quotes are to be mentioned below.

"“The Communism of the Indian variety is completely at variance with the fundamental principles of Communism.”

"“The policy of the CPI is not in accord with the principles of Communism.”

"“I have no hesitation in declaring that the greatest enemy of Communism is the CPI.”

"“Indian Communists are reactionaries whose only revolution consists of copying other countries, regardless of local conditions.”"

" ... Nehru had been shocked by the most catastrophic Soviet vengeance of forcing Boris Pasternak, the renowned author of ‘Dr. Zhivago’, to reject the Nobel prize in literature because that work, instead of praising the Soviet system in the slavish manner, exposed some of its defects. Without naming the context directly, Nehru rejected outright what he used to call the glory at one time, the occult of Communism. This proved that Subhas Chandra Bose, even in his earlier days, had been right in his stand in analyzing Communism and its true essence."

"About Subhas Chandra Bose, Narain had immense respect. ‘...it is easy to denounce Subhas as a Quisling. Those who are themselves Quislings of Britain find it easiest to denounce him. But nationalist India knows him as a fervent patriot and as one who has always been in the forefront of his country’s fight for freedom. It is inconceivable that he should ever be ready to sell his country…...he has permitted himself to accept aid from the enemies of his country’s enemies...In thus accepting help from a third party he may be deceived in the end, but there can be no question as to the honesty of his purpose….”"

" ... As Michael Brecher rightly said in his political biography of Nehru, “the key to Bose’s defeat (in Pant’s resolution) was the abstention of Congress Socialists.”"

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Political Stunt

Author quotes Jayaprakash Narayan's message after Operation Barbarossa.

"On November 8, 1944, we find in his own writings an utter disgust about Marshal Stalin, the so called ‘head of a professedly socialist state’. Stalin said that there were two kinds of nations in the world: peace-loving and war-loving while he counted Britain, America and U.S.S.R. on the former side and Germany-Japan on the other. ... "

" ... When the socialists aggressively countered them, “India first and everything afterwards”, the look-in-London-talk-in-Moscow group argued, “To hell with India!” In their spirited approach to characterize themselves with ultra international professionalism, the Indian Communists wanted to ensure full help to Russia. They were optimistic that whatever be the outcome of the war, neither the Nazis nor the Russians could be pushed beyond Urals. So, they hoped to establish their reign in those Asiatic countries with British backings."

"Along with Jai Prakash in the Deoli camp of Security prisoners, there was a Forward Blocist from Peshawar, Mian Akbar Shah. Once, he had been in close touch with Lenin as the member of the Presidium. But inside the camp, he described the “Communists of India as dogmatic and ultra-internationalists. He explains that even the Russians who claim themselves to be Internationalists to the bone say, ‘Russia first and internationalism afterwards’....” Akbar Shah was a living example in the camp who, having worked in Russia for the revolutionaries, talked against the Communists in the Indian context. Akbar Shah had a hailed past record. He had earlier fought the British battle under Manabendra Nath Roy when he marched with his army from the Tashkent Headquarter. He received military training in Turkistan Lenin Academy. ... "

" ... Specially, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, the former member in charge of Foreign Department of the Indian National Congress carried out the secret orders of Bose through their own radio network even when Bose had been in the battlegrounds of South-East Asia. Though arrested with criminal charges against the crown, Lohia and Narain were ‘liberated’ by the agents of “M” Organisation in 1943."

"To oppose the detrimental plans of Pakistan formation, “M'' agents exhorted uprisings amongst the Muslims all over the nation under Jai Prakash Narain’s secret leadership. Prominent Muslim leaders continued to voice their bitter opposition to the Muslim League’s unwarranted demand of a separate state. Four reputed members of the National Muslim Committee expressed their opinion that the partition would not be in favor of the nation. Syed Amir Shah, the Chairman of the Central Jamait-ul-Muslimin, said that the overwhelming majority of Indian Muslims were against Pakistan and for Indian independence. There was always one shadow behind every such protest. It was the benevolent shadow of Orlando Mazzotta! London’s India Office desperately attempted to unravel Narain and Lohia’s secret links to the Azad Hind Government. Major crackdowns and arrests took place looking for their radio centers throughout the nation. ... "

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April 17, 2022 - April 17, 2022.

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8. Anil Roy, the Socialist prophet

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"By the end of 1939, both he and his wife, Leela Nag agreed to support the cause of ‘Forward Bloc’. In March 1940, he attended the discussion at Ramgarh. There he was assigned the job of expanding the ‘Bengal Labor Party’ as a secret organisation under the name ‘Bolshevik Party of India’ with branches throughout the nation. He was present in a closed-door meeting at the Elgin Road house of Subhas Bose where it was decided to carry on vigorous anti-war, anti-British Government propaganda amongst students, workers and peasants to prepare by organizing strikes and no-tax paying campaigns. Anil Roy’s dream of an all-party revolutionary organisation, finally, became a reality with the formation of “M” Organisation. He had ideologically denounced the Communists who were completely obsequious to the British."

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Lee, the savior!

"“Lee is a safe house, protection against all storms, trials and tribulations, sanatorium for recuperation from pain and suffering, an oasis of peace and tranquility-----Lee…….It’s been several years, hasn’t it? The time aged and died but she didn’t!” Bhagwanji, the reverend saint whom many believed to be Subhas Chandra Bose, had remained apprehensive for his compatriot Leela Roy and her rebellious persona in above words. ... "

" ... Mr. Roy and his wife ‘Lilawati Roy’ toured the United Provinces conforming to their leader. The matter was kept secret and underground. Even if exposed, they had an outfit of organizing the Forward Bloc as their intentionally surfaced political activity, but they were part of yet another taskforce. In the constellation of lionhearts battling for freedom in Bose’s inner circle, Mr. and Mrs. Roy also devoted themselves in building up an inexpugnable spy network, the “M” inside British India."

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April 17, 2022 - April 17, 2022.

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9. Socialism, the only way forward!

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" ... Leon Blum was the first Socialist President in France as the leader of the United Front with the Communists. ... "

" ... In 1936, the second conference of the CSP was held under chairmanship of Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay. Ram Manohar Lohia was hellbent to drive away the Communists and he went on publishing popular articles in the Calcutta based magazine, ‘Congress Socialist’ exposing the Communist fallacy. ... "

" ... Being disappointed with the Communists’ attacks, JP retorted, “If you mean that sort of unity, we shall better dissolve the CSP and form another party without you!” Communists had by then bared open their intention to capture or disrupt the CSP. ... Achyut Patwardhan, Yusuf Meherally and Lohia strictly opposed and threatened to resign. It was Meherally who saw the danger, bust the Communist conspiracy before it could do greater damage and steered the socialist momentum in moments of internal crisis. JP had been a saintly figure in Indian politics. ... Muzaffar Ahmed. He characterized the CSP as another National Socialist of Germany, that is a fascist party. It was published in the Ananda Bazar Patrika covering a full page."

" ... On Bose’s advice, the idea of forming the Revolutionary Socialist Party emerged from JP’s mind and Tridib Chowdhury, along with Anil Ray, took up the deadly task. ... "

" ... A steadfast Gandhian, C. Parameswaran, blamed the Socialists out of mistrust and hatred that he had for long towards Socialism. In the poignancy of the situation, he placed his convoluted version in a detailed letter to Sardar Patel holding Jai Prakash Narain and his fellow comrades responsible for Gandhi’s assassination. ... "

"The Gandhians wanted to idolize their preceptor in a way next to the Almighty. Sardar Patel was a practical ‘Iron-man’ who had envisaged who is dragging whom for personal animosity. ... "

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Hell on Earth!

"Narain had been interrogated to know how closely his fellowmen were linked to the Azad Hind Government. One of his associates, Professor Indar Prakash Anand who was also arrested with him and put in the same Lahore jail, revealed the blood curdling story of his detention in front of ‘The Bombay Chronicle’ representative. He revealed in detail about the Punjab C.I.D. methods of persecution. Jaiprakash Narain was not allowed to sleep at stretch for twenty-one days. Immediately after their arrival, J.P. was tied to a chair with hands handcuffed on the back and kept in that state without sleep or food for the next three days."

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April 17, 2022 - April 18, 2022.

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10. The Home Front

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Author lists various leftists organisation's in India then, and their histories.

" ... Sister Nivedita, the revolutionary and the holy disciple of Swami Vivekananda, who inspired militant nationalism against the foreign rule was herself a correspondent of a noted Russian anarchist, Peter Kropotkin. The Forward Bloc’s advocacy of the use of violence in the struggle for Independence constituted a direct challenge to the Gandhian principles then being followed by the party."

"In June 1949, Sarat Bose stood as a leftist candidate against the Congress candidate in the South Calcutta election for West Bengal Legislative Assembly and defeated the poor chap by an overwhelming majority.

"On 20th October 1949, Subhas Bose’ s elder brother Sarat Chandra Bose formed the United Socialist Organisation of India ... Before he could see the fulfilment of his ideas, he passed away on 20th February 1950. However, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia attempted for such a common platform through a merger of socialists in a limited way. ... "

"“Sarat Bose believed that in view of a divided India, the Indian sub-continent would become a hunting ground for world powers.” [Source: ‘Bose Brothers and the Indian Struggle’, Amiya Nath Bose]"

" ... A renowned scholar, Jyotish Joardar became the General Secretary of SRPI. He had been a secret messenger of Subhas Bose in communications with the scientist Satyendranath Bose who silently helped the Azad hind radio regarding wireless transmission. ..."

"Subhas Bose formed the Forward Bloc as a militant group inside the Congress regime. At the end of the war, the Forward Bloc opposed the Congress party and demanded restoration of Azad Hind soldiers to their former positions in the Indian Army. Though ‘independent’, India was militarily still under British reign. Forward Blocists demanded:

"1. Complete Indianization of the army and the police.

"2. Strengthening of the army and arranging for extensive training.

"3. End of all affiliation to the United Kingdom. ... "

"The RCPI was a Trotskyite party dating back to 1934 to the early days of Communism in India, founded by the grandnephew of Rabindranath Tagore, Shri Saumyendranath Tagore. The expulsion of Leon Trotsky from the Communist Party of Soviet Union led to a division of Indian Communists with a group sympathizing with Trotsky and opposing Stalin’s theory, the Bolshevik Leninist Party. In the 1930s, they opposed the British policy in the bordering state of Assam and organised a militant Bengali movement there. ... "

Author lists INA and Firward Bloc among other organisations listed; it's a jolt to see the symbol of the latter was a hand, later taken by Congress as its own symbol.

"National Synthesis Party (NSP)

"This party was founded in 1951 in Calcutta. It was primarily controlled by a few followers of Subhas Bose, who were primarily nationalist and opposed to violence. NSP cooperated with Tagore group of RCPI and the Ruikar group of Forward Bloc. The prominent leaders were Subhas’s one-time close confidants - Satyaranjan Bakshi, the mastermind of Bengal Volunteers; Tulsi Charan Goswamy - one of the Big Five leaders brought to politics by Chittaranjan Das. Mr. Goswamy was interned at Berhampur prison with Bose in the mid-1920s.

"[Note: The messiah of revolution, Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das declared Subhas Chandra Bose as his ‘gift’ to India’s freedom struggle. Before him, Deshbandhu’s close confidants who led the stream of the movement, were collectively known as ‘Big Five’. The group was formed by Bidhan Chandra Roy, Tulsi Charan Goswamy, Sarat Bose, Nalini Ranjan Sarkar and Nirmal Chandra Chandra. All of them were so committed to C. R. Das that they could even sacrifice their lives. Once, they literally heckled the founder member of Congress, Surendra Nath Banerjee for filing nomination against C. R. Das in the Corporation election. Interestingly, Bidhan Chandra Roy arranged a donkey show in front of Mr. Banerjee’s house and insulted him.

"In the early days, ‘Big Five’ worked as a silent shield to protect Subhas from political tussles on the direct orders of Deshbandhu. Unfortunately, the situation changed a lot after C. R. Das’s demise. Gandhi appeared as a manipulator for political polarizations and caused a split in the ‘Big Five’. Mahatma supported another follower of C. R. Das, Jyotindra Mohan Sengupta who contested against Subhas Bose in Congressional politics. In case of Bidhan Chandra Roy, we all know how he got transformed about Subhas Bose in the ensuing years.]"

" ... ‘Radical Democratic Party’ which had never any following worth the name of Roy. Its position had become even more precarious by the disclosure by then, that Mr. Manabendra Nath Roy, in his capacity as office bearer of the Indian Federation of Labor, had been subsidized by the Government of India to the extent of more than ten thousand rupees per month."

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April 18, 2022 - April 18, 2022.

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11. Himalayan Radio Broadcast

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" ... “Hindustan Ka Azad Radio” - that is what it was called. The radio network operated from somewhere in its secret base in the Himalayas in or near to India. The location and objectives of the radio station, also known as ‘Himalayan Radio’, are certainly of greater interest for its connection with Subhas Chandra Bose. ... He was able to merge the Himalayan Radio base to the Azad Hind Radio."

" ... MI6 surmised it to be emerging from Italy, Rome, Nuremberg and even sometimes from the area of Wurzburg, Bavaria. The British legation in Nepal suspected the broadcast to be coming out of an unknown Nepalese valley, though they could find none. ... "

" ... This radio initiative had been a combined effort of revolutionaries of ‘Ghadar Party’, ‘Hindustan Republican Association’ and many tribal leaders of North West Frontier Province. A year later, these fabulous networks were efficiently used by Azad Hind Radio. The secret radio centers were established in the mysterious lands of the Himalayas. This reminds us of an anonymous saint. A few decades after the war of the world titans were over, the holy man reminisced: “I know the area from the Pamirs to the Alps and the Himalayan region down to the point where it meets the seas like the palm of my hand….”"

"Lala Hardayal was the founder of the party and many active workers were still sacrificing their lives for the freedom movement. The letter of the President of Hindustan Ghadar Party read out in the program threatening all who were cooperating with British forces. Interestingly, they hailed the Russians, along with the Germans, Italians and the Japanese, as an anti-imperialist force. The announcer congratulated Ajith Singh for joining the broadcasts from Rome. His nephew, Bhagat Singh's heroic sacrifice inspired the youth in the freedom movement. In a couple of days, they gave a detailed account of Fakir Saheb’s clash with the British."

"Bhavesh Chandra Bhaduri (Nabadwip, Nadia, Bengal) - He worked in Azad Hind Office at Hilversum in December 1943, subsequently broadcasted from Berlin."

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‘Mary’ Communication Centre

" ... On a hilltop, there was a Tibetan monastery. It operated as a secret transmission base even after the war. This was no less than the secret ashrams of the mystical Himalayas. ‘Mary’, the radio center seemed to be a power-center for Subhas Bose’s own intelligence network, “M”. ... "

Author denounces bad image of Hitler as product of Allies propaganda and quotes both Raj Thackeray and his uncle as admirers of him.

"One of the German secret agents in India, Mirza Syed Amir Hussain played a pivotal role in introducing both the charismatic youth leaders, ‘Dr. R. M. Lohia’ (Ram Manohar Lohia) and Subhas Chandra Bose to Dr. Hjalmar Schacht, the German Economist and the founder of German Democratic Party."

"On 12th November, the police force rushed into Room Number 106 (5th floor) of a building in Parekh Wadi, Girgaon Back Road at around 9 P.M. It was an illegal Congress radio station. The two unauthorized ultra-high frequency trans-receiving sets were seized. A couple of arrests followed."

" ... The broadcasts were arranged by V. M. Khakhar and station location frequently changed.

"❖ Firstly at “Sea View” (Chowpatty)

"❖ Then at “RatanMahal” of Walkeshwar Road

"❖ Later at “Ajith Villa” of Laburnum Road

"❖ “Laxmi Building”, Sandhurst Road

"❖ Finally, at Parekh Wadi, Girgaon Back Road

"❖ Next planned location was “Paradise Bungalow” near Mahalaxmi temple

"It was suspected that the accused persons received funds for all these activities from the Congress Socialist leader, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia who allegedly directed these operations from underground. ... "

Author discusses radio messages by Lohia.

"He asked the Indians to withdraw all money from post office deposits as those are being used to keep India in bondage. He was also concerned about the sharply growing inflation. ... "

"As the Government bought crops from farmers to export them in larger quantities and leading the nation to starvation, Lohiaji intimidated the Viceroy.

"“When hundreds of thousands of our people are dying of starvation, to export (these crops) to those who are out to crush our national aspirations, is a crime, high treason against the motherland. Government pays high prices for these crops, but it has some sinister motives for its generosity. This is one of the means by which the Government exploits.” [Source: The Congress Radio broadcast on 1st November 1942]"

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The Code Book

"We need Germany’s technical skill, her scientific knowledge, her music. We need England’s liberalism, her courage and literature. We need Italy’s elegance. We need the old achievements and the new triumph of Russia. We need the gift of laughter - beautiful laughter-loving Austria. We need her culture, her love of gracious living and China - what shall we say of China? We need her wisdom, her courage and her new hope. We need the glow and spirit of adventures of young America. We need the knowledge, the child-like simplicity of the primitive people. We need all mankind for the resurrection of peace, for the resurrection of her own dignity.”"

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Doctor Lohia, the uncompromising!

"“I am a Socialist!” The Saffron sage, Swami Vivekananda who ushered a new triumphal epoch of the downtrodden class in India, preached loud and clear that he wanted a socialist India! His own brother, Bhupendranath Dutta acknowledged that inside the Congress circle, only Subhas, the youth leader had lived with Swamiji’s principles and thoughts. ... "

" ... In the months of July and August of 1951, Dr. Lohia’s six-week tour of America touched the hearts of thousands in America."

" ... While asked about the Indians’ hope in the forthcoming election, he cared not for the appalling consequences and said, “I would like to rid themselves of the wicked government they are suffering.” ... "

" ... Lohia felt reluctant to refrain himself from using his usual restraint. He intended to speak frankly. “It is wrong to speak diplomatically. If there is any hope for world citizenship, we must start speaking honestly wherever we are.”

"“What about the anti-American feeling in India?” The reporter became desperate for his next day headlines, some sort of a controversial breaking news about India. Dr. Lohia had a smirk on his face. This was quite an obvious question and he fairly dealt it with a befitting reply. No diplomacy, he had promised himself. “....it is the poor man’s natural jealousy of a rich neighbor…. America seems to be trying to impose its own way of looking at things on other people.” It caused a strong applause mingled with wide acceptance of the fact among the five hundred Californians present in the meeting."

" ... By the time the Socialist Party secured the position of the second largest party in the by-elections. Had it not been the unfair means of propaganda machinery used by Congress, their landslide victory could have been challenged ideologically. ... Shockingly, it was a fact that the reformer Babasaheb Ambedkar was defeated in the Bombay constituency by a little-known Congress candidate Narayan Sadoba Kajrolkar. ... "

"During the independence struggle, Lohia was the secretary of the Congress Party’s foreign policy bureau under the presidency of Subhas Chandra Bose. He had assisted Bose in drafting the National Planning. However, Lohia remained the most commendable insurrectionist to the Nehruvian foreign policy of apparent neutralism till his last breath."

"After a few months in Kashi University, he came to Kolkata and secured his graduation in B. A. from Vidyasagar College. He had been sent abroad for higher education, at first to London and then to Berlin where he received his Doctorate.

"At the time of freedom struggle, he played a pivotal role to address the nation through Congress Bulletins and radio broadcasts in which he fought the slander British campaign against the Azad Hind Fauj. ... "

"In the post-independence era, he had been the most outspoken against Prime Minister Nehru’s luxurious lifestyle. He protested the callous policies of the Nehruvian government regarding border security. His ‘Save Himalaya’ campaign forced the government to enhance the Defence budgets. With minute details, he had put up the per capita income of the nation whose Prime Minister bore expenses of twenty-six thousand rupees daily. Out of much virulence, he rebuffed Prime Minister Nehru - “You are at the countrymen’s service, behave like a serviceman!”

"“In 1947, although Nehru asked him to become secretary-general of the Congress, he - along with Jayaprakash Narayan and Asoka (Ashok) Mehta - led the Socialists out of Congress to become the chief opposition party. On June 3, 1951, he led tens of thousands (75,000 according to the New York Times) in a peaceful march of Delhi in support of the ‘People’s Charter’ which he had drafted……” [Source: ‘Lohia and America Meet 1951 & 1964’, Page 2, by Harris Wofford Jr., B.R. Publishing Corporation, November 1, 2001]"

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April 18, 2022 - April 18, 2022.

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12. Bombay Congress Bulletins

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" ... Patwardhan’s article might be portrayed as a false account of the socialists by the Communist betrayers, as if they had not viewed Azad Hind Government’s Japanese collaboration in an optimistic way. The fact can never be swayed away by mere propaganda. The socialists had complete faith in ‘Bose Babu’, but they feared the deplorable consequences that might be forthcoming even with the Axis victory. However, a handful of them who were deeply involved in “M” Organisation, possessed a different view. The insiders had a clear conviction about Japan’s unconditional support to Subhas Bose. That is the reason, Patwardhan’s close friend Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia objected to calling the Japanese coup in the eastern India, as an invasion. ... "

"“The heart of imperialist propaganda regarding India is that the Indians are disunited and therefore, Britain is unable to do anything for India……….

"…. let it be clearly understood that the issue between Britain and India is not Indian unity at all, but the preparedness of imperialism to liquidate itself. Therefore, the thing to do for everyone - the Hindu Mahasabha, the Muslim League, Mr. Rajagopalachari, the No-parties conference, Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru - is not to hold unity conferences but exert pressure on the British to part with power……."

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April 18, 2022 - April 18, 2022.

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13. August Kranti, the clarion call!

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" ... Through their self-effacing work, the socialists have galvanized not just Gandhiji but also hundreds of millions of people into action to bring about far-reaching changes in the final years of World War II. ... Terrified by the tale of woes of the British evacuees from Burma and a series of setbacks in the military warfare at the hands of Japanese that the British imperialism had suffered, the British Government adopted scorched earth policy in India. Churchill approved of destroying standing crops throwing millions to starvation and death. ... "

"Being inspired by the socialists, Gandhiji placed his ‘Quit India’ resolution. But the leaders like Pandit Nehru, Maulana Azad could not sense the need of the hour. Azad, the Congress President threatened to resign and at last the matter got settled with a few amendments set by Pandit Nehru. ... "

"However, Gandhiji was exasperated by the anarchy unleashed by the British rule. Better alone, he furthered his final assault and remarked disgustedly to Nehru, “You should have allowed Maulana Azad to resign!” ... “Meherally organised secret groups from a number of states with the help of Shirubhau Limaye and Chhotubhai Purani and others to instruct select groups on the strategy of mass action and an intensive program for small groups largely aimed at breaking the communications of the British war effort” - said his selfless comrade Achyut Patwardhan."

"Quite expectedly, the opportunist CPI regime ‘left no stone unturned to thwart the moves.’ The members of CCP (Congress Communist Party) were purposefully released from prisons to vote against Narendra Dev’s resolution and discard the clarion call of ‘Quit India’. But all these heinous forces failed because the socialists were always one step ahead in thoughts than the British rule. ... In places like Tamluk (Bengal), Bhagalpur (Bihar), Ballia (Uttar Pradesh), Satara (Maharashtra), the free rule was established by paralyzing the administration and putting officers in captivity. Even the police forces joined the people’s spontaneous revolt following instructions as and when delivered in Congress Radio broadcasts."

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April 18, 2022 - April 18, 2022.

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14. Sanyasi and his Socialists!

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" ... When the British adamantly resisted the news of INA, the Socialist bloc had rightly swayed the public opinion towards Subhas Bose and his Provisional Government. They had their operational bases in Uttar Pradesh from where they had influenced the peasants, laborers and other working classes of the nation even after the independence. ... "

"One of the clear-cut resemblances that we can find between Bhagwanji and Mazzotta’s devoted soul, Ram Manohar Lohia, is that of the location of Ayodhya and Faizabad. As we have stated earlier, Dr. Lohia was born in the city of Faizabad where Bhagwanji lived till the end. ... "

Author brings up a thesis his own.

" ... Vinoda Bhabe requested the veteran politician turned social reformer, Jai Prakash Narain to take up the unfinished task. Narain called for assistance from the Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Under his leadership, ‘Operation Persuasion’ was conducted, and thousands of dacoits surrendered in batches chanting “Mahatma ki Jai!” “Jai Prakashji ki Jai!” Chambal, the Valley of Terror turned to an ashram of peace. We never know if the holy man living in anonymity had any hand in it at all. The time reveals that he had been in India by that time. In January 1979, Jai Prakash Narayan supported the renowned Member of Parliament, Samar Guha’s claim that Netaji was still alive and living in India. We now know it a fact that although the picture that Samar Guha thought to be of the national leader was morphed, the story he had put up was from his own first-hand information. Since 1963, Samar Guha had been in touch with Bhagwanji. Had it been same for Jai Prakash Narayan? Those men died in oath of secrecy keeping facts secret."

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April 18, 2022 - April 18, 2022.

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15. Sanyasi's Secret Service man!

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Author writes about Dr Pavitra Mohan Roy.

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Agent's recruitement!

"INA secret service recruitments were one of the most fascinating drives. These were conducted solely by the two legends, the supreme commander, Subhas Bose and the intelligence mastermind, Rash Behari Bose. We do hereby present an advertisement published in the official daily, ‘Azad Hind’, on November 7th of 1944, inviting civilians to participate in the Indian war efforts against the British ... "

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Travelling back In Time

Author sketches how secret agents of Netaji worked right under nises of British agents watching everyone.

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Mission India

"Our anonymous source handed over to us a ‘Most Secret’ cipher message sent by the Japanese Ambassador, Berlin to their Foreign Minister’s office Tokyo. Dated February 10th, 1944, this letter contains detailed information of Mazzotta’s men in India. There is information on suitable locations for paratroopers’ landings whom the ‘M’ agents would assist thereafter."

Author quotes message.

"This entire message was allegedly intercepted by the British Intelligence and thereby passed over to the U.S. War Department, Washington. We never know if it happened so for the Enigma codebreakers at Bletchley Park. As we can understand, much before Dr. Pabitra Mohan Roy’s team landed on Indian soil, the news of their arrival leaked out to the chaps at 10 Downing Street, London.

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A trial in British Bengal

"Dr. Pabitra Mohan Roy (son of Mokshadya Mohan Roy of Shehar Nagar, Sirajdikhan, Police Station - Dacca) who led a team of INA secret service men to India on a highly classified mission, was an outstanding one of Mazzotta’s men. Other members of his task force were Amrik Singh Gill (alias Aladin, son of Santosh Singh of Anarkali), Tuhin Mukherji, Jyotish Chandra Bose (son of Ranjan Bilas Bose of Jessore district)."

"It was obvious that the accused were all convicted and sentenced to death under the Enemy Agents Ordinance but later commuted to transportation of life. ... "

"The ill-famous barrister, C. H. Carden Noad who had earlier represented the crown in Bhagat Singh’s trial, now took the opposite stand. He was appointed the counsel for Haridas Mitra. He published his open letter addressing the Viceroy and the Governor General of India on behalf of Haridas Mitra’s release. While presenting the case, Noad wrote:

"‘On October 22, 1944, Haridas Mitra was arrested, whereupon he made a complete disclosure to the police of the information within his knowledge. On December 19, 1944, he was unconditionally released, but was again arrested on December 28, 1944. Ultimately, he was sent up for trial with the enemy agents, Pabitra Mohon Roy, Amrik Singh Gill and another collaborator, Jyotish Bose, presumably because he was unwilling to give evidence against these accused. This is evident from the fact that three other persons, far more deeply implicated than Haridas Mitra, were pardoned and produced as the prosecution witnesses, Nos. 1, 21 and 47 at the trial.” Noad carefully pointed out the fallacy of the court proceedings. “The whole proceedings may be conducted in the absence of the accused; they must be kept secret and remain secret. The accused are not allowed their own choice of counsel but assigned a pleader from a small panel, in fact, consisting of minor government prosecutors. The judgement, without the safeguards of publicity or open appeal, would be liable to contain non judicial conclusions…. A trial there has been, but it cannot be called a judicial trial…."

"On 22nd July 1946, Gandhiji wrote a letter to Major C. W. B. Rankin, the person in charge of the accused revolutionaries. “I feel it my duty to say that it seems his Excellency is wrong to delay the release of Shri Haridas Mitra. It is inconsistent with the declared policy of the Government.” In its effect, the releases for all four prisoners were arranged soon."

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April 18, 2022 - April 18, 2022.

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16. Real facts never told

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"“For every Bhagat Singh that was murdered by the British Imperialists in India, hundreds of thousands of Bhagat Singh(s) will rise in Hindustan and fight the British Imperialists, so that Hindustan may lead a free and independent existence - an existence of glory and greatness.” [On 27th March 1945, Mr. N. Raghavan, the Finance Minister of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind, addressed a mass meeting at IIL, Syonan Branch. It was an occasion of celebrating Martyrs Day.]"

Author candidly states here -

"This chapter is not a victor’s diary, rather a fiction drawn out of a traitor’s alleged recorded confession. The approver, for his own salvation, spewed almost everything he knew about Mazzotta’s secret service network but that could hardly finish it off."

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Chetti’s Bungalow

"In training period, Dr. Pabitra Mohan Roy, one of the gladiators of Subhas Bose’s agents, stayed at Chetti’s Bungalow situated at Port Dickson with other patriotic trainees that was known as Swaraj Institute. It was established by Raghavan by the middle of 1942. ... "

"Morse code system was mandatorily taught in the institute. Sasaki trained them in it. In the end of July 1943, Officer Hirasa brought ten rifles and ten revolvers to the institute for training and handed those over to P. K. Dutt as officer-in-charge. The arms training under instructor Tinu Dutt, started by the end of next month. The trainees were taken out at night for practising route-marching in darkness under Sasaki.

"The bomb-making training also started by that time. Matsushige delivered lectures on the theory of explosives and their use for sabotage purposes. Sakuma taught practical bomb-making. But the team’s focus had been on propaganda and wireless classes. ... "

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Mazzotta’s arrival

"“Under Netaji’s leadership, the three million Indians in East Asia and the Indian National Army resolved to continue the war against British if necessary - for one year, two years, five years, ten years: in fact, as long as necessary. Today their confidence in ultimate victory has increased a hundredfold.”

"[Shri S. A. Ayer, Minister of Publicity and Propaganda of PGAH, delivered this speech on 18th of October 1943 in Burma. The same was broadcast from Syonan Radio on 25th October]

"In July 1943, there were rumors all around that the Japanese government had arranged for Subhas Chandra Bose’s arrival in the Easter front of war. This would give a stimulus to the dwindling movement of the Indians for the emancipation of their motherland. Only the inner circles knew that by then Bose had already arrived by a submarine. He was accompanied by Col. Yamamoto - the Japanese Ambassador in Germany; Abid Hassan Safrani - Bose’s personal secretary and interpreter; N. G. Swami with his secretaries and some three other Indians who trained a few INA men in advanced wireless work in Singapore. ...

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Military Economics

" ... Swami once showed them that a very fine portable transmitter and his knowledge of using it, that he received from the Germans.

"Military Economics training course continued till about the end of November. During this period, one day all twenty-three members of the school were taken to the rifle range in Penang. There each of them fired three bullets with a rifle and the other three with a revolver.

"By this time, students were paid twenty dollars each per month, provided with khaki uniforms and free food. All the camps set up at Penang were meant for dispatching agents to India for espionage. ... "

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Au-revoir Sandycroft!

"“As long as foreign rule lasts in India, patriots in desperation will be obliged to seek foreign help too. To style such undoubted patriots as enemies of the country and criminals is to pervert the meaning of words to suit selfish and morally and politically unjustified ends. Such camouflage can deceive nobody, much less the Indians”. "

"- Acharya Kripalini on the British attitude to convict the INA soldiers, 1st November 1945"

" ... They were supplied with long scale maps of the Eastern coast of India and they minutely studied the coast strip between Calcutta and Ganjam. Tuhin and Dr. Roy had their families and could meet them for the last time but not to give any hints of their activities."

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The last orders

" ... The Colonel gave a few examples on the subject. “It would be better if one of you opened a petty shop, say for cigarettes in the city where you decide to work. Avoid direct contacts. Communicate with each other with messages wrapped in cigarettes. Remove the tobacco and then unfold the roll of paper. Get the message decoded. Remember, only fresh information of military importance is expected from you. Don’t waste codes on pre-war stale information. We already have it.”

"As the Colonel departed, it was Matsushige’ s classroom then. He taught them to prepare their own codes for the next three days, but they couldn’t learn much. He then supplied Aladdin and Tuhin with a set of codes for prospective partners in India with one code: Samarendra and Mahindra with another. Both the sets were mutually exclusive with one not knowing the other. ... "

" ... Officer Matsushige gave detailed instructions about the type of information required regarding the Army, Navy and Air Force. He advised them to operate from Puri or East Bengal (preferably Calcutta). For Puri, signals were to be received in the Andaman center and for the other case in Burma. Pabitra and Samarendra were instructed to study the maps of specific locations inside India. During the afternoons all had to thoroughly study a map of the east coast of India.

"While Tuhin was considered ‘a good operator but a very poor mechanic’, his partner ‘Allah Din’ was the best mechanic in the team, but he was not much interested in transmission. So, they were thought of complimenting each other's assignments and were put together."

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The W/T Sets

" ... During the final stages of instructions, each pair of them tested their own W/T sets with the call sign ROP. Then those sets were packed and concealed in the clock that was kept in the bucket. ... "

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The Power Pack

" ... During his interrogation by OSS officers, Tuhin shared a detailed description of the power pack that would be used for transmission from India. He had some reasonable doubts about it as it was not of the same type as shown in their training modules."

" ... Tuhin became doubtful of their success to communicate with the bases in the far east much before they started their journey. Not just the kits, he questioned AladdIn’s capability too. In a dreadful mission like that, one can only expect the unexpected things to turn up. Getting skeptical about the discrepancies, can surely not be a way out. Such an irresolute person was a weird choice for the mission."

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The Plan of Action

"“After receiving all technical instructions, Pabitra, Allah Din, Sengupta and myself had an hour-long detailed argument on minute details of our operation. Unfortunately, we could not reach to conclusions in most of the cases. Mahindra remained merely a spectator.” Tuhin continued.

"Along with Pabitra, Tuhin and Allah Din were to live in the same place, either in Calcutta, Puri or East Bengal. Though, they were to live separately, and one should not know the other’s address. The contact would be made at a pre-arranged rendezvous. Tuhin would work on the set contained in the clock, sending information collected by Pabitra Mohan Ray. Allah Din was not meant to work as an operator but as a mechanic and in case the set gets dysfunctional, he would take it to Allah Din for repair. Mahindra Singh and Samarendra Sengupta would remain inactive either in Delhi, Benaras or Bombay as back up. Only if the primary members were apprehended or otherwise, incapacitated, the leader Pabitra would call for them."

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Pabitra, the pioneer!

"The team had been strictly warned not to attempt to contact relatives or friends in India, as general experience in espionage showed that agents were caught only because they neglected to comply with these elementary instructions. But Tuhin had a faint intention to do so. ... "

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Allowance and equipment

" ... Matsushige instructed them to learn the codes by heart and none of them should carry the code or similar instructions with them. ... "

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Departure Day

"“You’ll be landed fourteen miles north or south of Puri. Memorize the names of the locations marked in this map.” On the last day, two naval officers gave them the final commands, explaining details of the impending journey to India. The Colonel who had taught us tricks of communication avoiding direct contacts, also came. The naval officers informed us that we needed to study the geography of the tract between Chilka and Konark. They explained the hardships and discomforts that the team would be facing in their voyage. The submarine was small, and it could land them four miles in-shore, from where they would have to row to the coast. ... "

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Journey to India

" ... Samarendra Sengupta had a breakdown and wished to quit in the final moment. After Samarendra Sengupta’s removal, Pabitra Ray asked Matsushige how he should employ Mahindra Singh who was now without a partner. The officer instructed him to carry out the plan as he thought fit."

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Adventurous landing

" ... At about 9 p.m. on the 14th march, the team members were called up on deck and were informed of having landed. An Australian made Canvas boat was lowered into the sea and all their packages were loaded. ... "

" ... We had landed one or two miles south of Konark. Shortly after, a full moon arose, and visibility was almost as good as in daylight………."

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Towards Puri

" ... Tuhin was desperate as he was anxious to abandon the mission. “Mahindar Singh said he would follow me. We did not wait there long and scarcely spoke to one another. Leaving Pabitra Ray and Allah Din there, I continued and was followed by Mahindar Singh, who by daybreak was about 300 yards behind. We traversed open fields, carefully avoiding any footpath which we came across.” ... "

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A Way to Bhubaneswar

"Suddenly, he had a plan to go to Bhubaneswar. He had studied the location maps well at Penang. ... "

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Calcutta: the destiny foretold

" ... He went straight to the hotel, ‘The Bengal Boarding’. Tuhin had stayed there earlier also, in 1940. So, he knew the place would be safe. He put his name here in the register as ‘Kali Mukherji (It was Tuhin’s father’s name) s/o Khagendra Chandra Mukherji of Tajpur, P.S. Sherajdikhan, Dacca’. He paid Rs. 5/- in advance for 18th to 20th of March. In his allotted room, there was another bed, but none appeared for the time. He kept the power pack under his wooden bed and anxiously waited for his father-in-law, Haridas Bhattacharjee, a clerk in the Eastern India Railway at Howrah station. He wanted to brief him everything, show him the family photo and dispose of the power pack as it might cause suspicion of anyone who sees it."

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Haridas, a common name

" ... I wished to consult someone as to how I should act in my capacity as an unwilling party to fulfill the assigned mission for which I had been sent and considered Nirmalya Chatterjee, M.A., B.T., the most suitable as he is intelligent and educated.” ... "

So far, it's completely unclear why he didn't opt out before leaving Malaya.

" ... Nazis are portrayed as corruptible, selfish, murderous and womanizers all in the year, 1943. It was the time when Churchill was planning to cause an artificial famine in India by exporting maximum food grains to England.] ... "

Both parts, that before 1943 and that after, are correct,

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Off to Bombay

" ... Nearly seven years of his life, Tuhin had lived in Mumbai and fell in love with the city. For him, it was an obvious choice for work. “I was well known there as a sportsman and anticipated little difficulty in finding employment and settling down in life.” ... "

" ... Then he went to the office of Hindustan Insurance Company and met two of his friends, Mohit Gupta and Sudhir Bose. Both were astonished. Sudhir told him about a rumor spread about Tuhin’s death in Malaya during the war. While returning to Parel, some pickpocket stole his purse that contained his family-photo and Rs. 350/-. His friends arranged for his accommodation. Settling down there, he resumed his sports career, afforded Bengal Club membership and even captained at Matkarni Football tournament. He also managed to secure a job as an accountant. But he was haunted by his deeds. “....my mind was never at peace. I considered myself a fugitive from justice and therefore, became very suspicious. When such was the state of mind, I saw the accountant of my Pathan friends of the Sandycroft school, Penang who had come to India before. When I learnt that they had surrendered and had consequently been pardoned, the idea sprang up in my mind that it would be useful perhaps for me as well to follow their course. In the meantime, I saw an account of some other Japanese spies who had been dropped in India by parachute and were on capture, tried in court and sentenced to death. I became very nervous and could not have any sleep for nights...I decided that I must surrender and leave myself at the mercy of the Government…. I rang up the Commissioner of Police, Bombay from an Irani restaurant, opposite to Children Hospital, Parel on 16.9.1944 at about 11-30 a.m. and very concisely informed him that I had arrived in India by a Japanese submarine and that I wanted to surrender and explain the whole matter. ... "

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Characteristics of his teammates

" ... Dr. Pabitra Mohan Roy received his early education in Mymensingh and then at the ‘National Medical School’, Dacca. There he got involved in the student’s movement and met Dr. Sudhirananda Roy. ... "

"On 20th April 1944, an Intelligence Bureau officer reported to E. Conrath-Smith, the Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department about the exact status of Bombay where the revolution had already started. The workers of His Majesty’s Dockyard, Bombay, have grown resistive over a notice issued on 1st April 1944 by the Captain Superintendent curtailing overtime work and the payments they received for it. There were also strikes in the Wadale Benzine Installation of the Burma Shell Oil Storage and Distribution Company on 7th April ... All the mills at Sholapur and a mill at Boona had stopped work due to shortage of coal. The Fine Counts Spinning and Weaving Company Limited had to close its dayshift from 24th March and about 1100 operatives were consequently thrown out of employment. Mukund Iron Works, M. & S. M. Railway Workshop of Hubli, Khandesh Spinning and Weaving Mills of Jalgaon, Bombay Electric Supply and Trams Company - there were threatened strikes and agitations everywhere. Under the presidency of Mrs. Kamala Devi Chattopadhyay (the sister of Sarojini Naidu), the seventeenth All-India Women’s Conference of the Congress party was held at Bombay and that also caused a bit of unrest amongst the deprived laborers. Since the month of February, the plague infections started transmitting and deteriorating the conditions. Also, the incidents of small-pox and cholera worsened the situation further. All the gradually increasing discontent, unrest and the nationalist propaganda were aimed at the British rule. The public observance of the ‘National Week’ from 6th to 13th April was remarkably inconspicuous. Non-party leaders like Tej Bahadur Sapru presided over conferences arranged all over the city demanding the unconditional release of the freedom fighters and Congressmen. During this time, the news of the demise of Britain’s greatest guerilla leader and jungle-fighter, Major General Orde Charles Wingate was considered as a blow to Lord Mountbatten and an irreparable loss to the Allies troops in the front of Burma. Azad Hind Radio broadcasts were listened over and the city had great admiration for the Indian National Army though communicated in a hush-hush tone. But the common man did not have a concrete status update of the war in the Assamese front. The ‘Azad Hind’ and the Axis war efforts were supported with mixed reactions from the press."

"Newspapers evinced some anxiety at the continued progress of the Indian National Army in the state of Manipur and the threat it offered to the British administration at Imphal. Dissatisfaction with the progress of the events was the general reaction of the British touts to the results of the battle at Indo-Burmese border. If the Imphal were to fall or the INA were to secure other marked successes, the psychological effects would be devastating for the British. Complaints were already made about the brevity and the inconclusive nature of the South East Asia Command Communiques and the scrappiness of the news given out on the British and Indian radios."

Author describes dockside explosions of 14th April 1944.

" ... The people were not told that the Azad Hind warriors fighting in the battlegrounds of the Eastern front had now come inside their country through hundreds of secret agents sent by the former Congress president, Subhas Bose. ... "

Author gives code.

"Using these codewords, the success message - “Father is at Bombay and is very anxious” means “there are military concentrations of battleships at Bombay.”"

"This has been widely accepted as a reflecting fact that the Royal Navy mutiny of 1946 was an effect of Subhas Bose’s Arzi-Hukumat-E-Azad Hind. ... "

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April 18, 2022 - April 18, 2022.

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17. A glimpse of Burma

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"“The first campaign against the British was started by the Indian National Army in the beginning of this year (1944) with astounding results. Wherever the Indian National Army appeared on the Indo-Burma border, they fought with heroism and sacrifice, shoulder to shoulder with our brave allies of Nipponese army. The British were chased to the very gates of Imphal. Only the intervention of the monsoon saved them….Netaji wants all-out mobilization of Indians-men, money and material. The response for the last campaign was wonderful. We want the response for this campaign even greater. We want more men, more money and more material. Netaji had already warned us that this is going to be a long war and there is no time limit. We will end the war only when the last Britisher is driven out of India and freedom won.”

"[Dr. M. K. Lukshumayeh, the Vice-President of IIL addressed the soldiers before the launch of a second ‘Burma Campaign’ against the British.]

"The facts of INA, though suppressed, became known to the Indians in the British army. Hundreds of Indian soldiers were also reported to be deserting the British every day and going back to their respective villages, where they were carrying on anti-British propaganda. This was one of the main reasons for failure of the British army’s recruitment campaigns. Much more the war casualties, the deserters weakened the British force and the Government frantically made all sorts of promises to attempt in vain to regain the loyalty of the Indian recruits."

" ... C.S.D.I.C. (Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Centre that reported to British War office), War Department, Home Department, Intelligence Bureau, Legislative Department and the Burmese Court. All were after one name, Subhas Bose and his army!"

" ... If a Military Commander decided to dispose of someone on spot for operational reasons, in no circumstances the Government of India would have any right to demand for the person. Once this clause was granted, the Royal Army executed INA soldiers detained at Nilgunj, Jhikargacha and other such temporarily set up camps without any trial. This was undoubtedly a violation of the Geneva Convention Act but who cared, the victors make their own rules."

Author gives a list of major names from Netaji’s INA captured and prosecuted by British.

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April 18, 2022 - April 18, 2022.

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Epilogue

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"Bhagwanji, as we firmly believe to be the leader himself, felt aggrieved about the fatal debacle of the potential Socialist movement. His onetime Socialist comrades were gradually losing grounds in the legislative theatre. The dynasty ruling tightened its grip in Congress, its bureaucratic allies tyrannized the ‘Aam Admi’ and yanked all the ensuing progressiveness of the working class. Having quite a similar mindset as Subhas Bose, Jai Prakash Narain had rejected to adapt in the corrupt political diaspora. His sacrifice for the ‘Sarvodaya’ movement was of paramount importance. Though discarded the statecraft, he anticipated the tragic political vacuum in the late 1960s when the students approached him to join them in their protest the corrupted Indira Government. This apart, the nation hardly knows about his underground struggle against the British Empire and never disclosed connections with the Supreme Commander of INA, Subhas Bose.

"While World War II favored the British fortune, Ram Manohar Lohia, in his own limitations, battled hard to keep up the glittering hope. For the rest of the socialist stalwarts, either they compensated with fate or died off unknown. Controversies are unusually hushed in the case of Subhas Bose’s death, but the Faizabad chapter has now settled the matter to a large extent. But that hardly puts the end of Bose mystery unless the activities of Bhagwanji could be known. ... "

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April 18, 2022 - April 18, 2022.

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April 10, 2022 -

April 16, 2022 - April 18, 2022.

Purchased April 11, 2022.

Kindle Edition

Format: Kindle Edition

Language ‏ : ‎ English

ASIN ‏ : ‎ B08X3XD39Q

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https://www.goodreads.com/review/show/4675062633

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Monday, April 18, 2022

Netaji's Secret Service: The History of "M" Organisation, by Saikat Neogy.

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